Case Study on Digital Marketing

The case study on digital marketing is intended to trace specific companys strategies on the way of overcoming its problems in the field of marketing via online resources. This type of the case study typically includes several key parts, specific overview, challenge, strategy, and results. The case study on a digital marketing presents the information in a consistent, clear, and logical manner in order to comprehensively describe the company’s preconditions that ultimately led to an appeared problem, as well as the process of its solution. Overview The Arclight company tends to be a successful and competitive developer in the field of software that is specialized in the service of light maintenance and the production of the lighting equipment. In fact, being relatively young company founded only in 2012, Arclight has already become recognized among over five hundred corporate and private customers in twelve American states. It should be noted that due to the lack of analogical offers in the market, Arclight had very beneficial position to prosper from the very start. At the beginning of 2016, the Arclight’s top management expressed intentions to start the development of software products designed to automatically control lighting perimeters in the U.S. jails. Challenge Despite the fact that the Arclight’s products are deeply integrated into online technologies, Arclight experiences difficulties in an appropriate promotion of its commodity due to a strictly technical direction of production. Potential competitors of Arclight, specifically Shinex and TSG, demonstrated more significant flexibility of searching new customers and potential partners by an effective usage of a social media like LinkedIn. Strategy In order to improve targeting capabilities of the company and capture new market segments, Arclight has decided to utilize LinkedIn advertising as well. In particular, Arclight chose a direction to delve more into a private market segment by initiating a vast campaign implying the promotion of security light systems for private users. It should be noted that Arclight started targeting specific professions and specializations in order to get the attention of an appropriate audience for Arclight’s new product. Once the campaign was launched, Arclight tried almost fifty different designs of LinkedIn ads to choose a specific one that is the most effective. Moreover, customer landing pages were built specifically for LinkedIn users in order to ensure a high conversion rate. Results After the initiation of the campaign, Arclight became able to attract approximately two hundred new private customers with a considerable profit increased to almost 50 percent. In addition, Arclight obtained possibilities to improve online communications with already existing corporate customers by integrating LinkedIn platform to their needs. At the same time, all Arclight’s customers indicated that with the introduction of a new online marketing platform, Arclight began to better address customer feedbacks, what particularly allowed to enhance the quality of products greatly. Nowadays, Arclight occupies a stable leading market position not only in the field of producing an advanced lighting equipment for corporate and governmental facilities, but it also popular in terms of a private security lighting. References Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Isaac, H., Volle, P., Mercanti-GueÃŒ rin, M. (2014). Marketing digital. Montreuil: Pearson. Hall, R. (2009). Brilliant marketing. Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall. Kerin, R., Hartley, S., Rudelius, W. (2009). Marketing. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Peck, D. (2011). Think before you engage. Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley Sons. Ryan, D. Jones, C. (2011). The best digital marketing campaigns in the world. London: Kogan Page. Treadaway, C. Smith, M. (2010). Facebook marketing. Indianapolis: Wiley Pub

Blending of Generations in the Workplace - 1107 Words

Blending of Generations in the Workplace Human Resources is a unit of a company that must have consistent rules and programs for all employees but this can be a challenge. The challenge is in-large part due to the fact that employees have different needs. For a company to be successful in the arena of Human Resources it must recognize these differences and adjust without discrimination. This paper will examine the concept that different generations will have different needs and concerns in the workplace and that the ability of a company to address/ blend these needs is critical. Competencies and capabilities no longer correlate to age or experience, so respect for others ideas and input is more critical than ever.†¦show more content†¦According to the 2004 Generational Differences Survey conducted by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), â€Å"most human resource professionals (60%) said they were not aware of intergenerational conflict among employees at their organization, while 40% said they were aware of conflict.† The fact that 40% of â€Å"human resource professionals† noted that they were aware of a conflict leads to the idea that the differences are being addressed. If a company does not address the issue of conflict between the generations it can to lead to diminished performance, an issue with retaining quality employees and trouble fitting employees into the right roles. If a company is only able to cater to one generation it may lead to a non age diverse workforce which would hurt over all ability to come up with creative solutions to problems. We can start by acknowledging that the workplace is forever changing. Human Resources need to look beyond the clash of the generations and look for ways to leverage these different perspectives to their benefit. HR needs to be careful about what they say but more importantly they need to pay close attention to how it is said. When employees are moved from position to position or are given a different job description it must not seem that they are being moved because of their age but rather because of their skill set. 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Millennials, broadly defined as those born after 1980 and up to around 2000 (The Denver Post 1), will be expected to take up to three fourths of the â€Å"workforce within 10 years†(The Denver Post 1). With the increased numbersRead MorePerformance Evaluation and Social Networking1294 Words   |  5 Pagesthis does not necessarily correlate with any actual measures of job performance. Between the different generations of course there will be different participation rates and comfort levels with the idea. Veterans of course will not be in the work force any more baby boomers are entering their sixties so they are now veterans. That generation has lower levels of computer usage than other generations, and Gen Y is particularly fond of social networking and can be creative in using digital tools. 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radiology anatomy Example For Students

radiology anatomy external oblique ridge alveolar ridge mylohyoid ridge (superimposed over the superior border of the mandibular canal) mandibular canal (inferior alveolar canal) inferior border of mandible mental foramen radiopaque line lamina dura (radiopaque line in the root, called the follicular cortication when it is in the crown) mandibular tori (radiopacity superimposed over the roots in the canine region) genial tubercle (bony projection for muscle attachment) nutrient canals (located in posterior and anterior, but hard to see in posterior bcuz of thick bone) term for the opening of this canal nutrient foramen mental fossa (radiolucent depression between alveolar ridge and mental ridge) mental ridge (chin) L hamular process maxillary tuberosity anatomical hamular notch (bone. dont forget the clinical hamular notch, which is soft tissue) L zygomatic process of maxilla M Floor of maxillary sinus 6 zygomatic arch (pretty sure) septum (septum in the maxillary sinus) floor of nasal fossa Mx premolar landmark radiograph inverted Y-line (made by the nasal fossa and maxillary sinus) not a good picture. But this is the landmark in the mx premolar region that is formed by this soft tissue/cheek mass nasolabial fold anterior nasal spine floor of nasal cavity (extends bilaterally away from the anterior nasal spine) incisive foramen nasopalatine canal (terminates in incisive foramen, not always seen) superior foramina of nasopalatine (on each side of nasal septum) nasal septum small white arrows nasal turbinate (pretty unsure about difference between this and the inferior concha) red arrow on the right nasal mucosa intermaxillary suture (variation of normal, not always seen) soft tissue outline of nose nasal turbinate A inferior concha N coronoid process

Macbeth Man Of Established Character Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth: Man of Established Character Macbeth is presented as a mature man of definitely established character, successful in certain fields of activity and enjoying an enviable reputation. We must not conclude, there, that all his volitions and actions are predictable; Macbeth's character, like any other man's at a given moment, is what is being made out of potentialities plus environment, and no one, not even Macbeth himself, can know all his inordinate self-love whose actions are discovered to be-and no doubt have been for a long time-determined mainly by an inordinate desire for some temporal or mutable good. Macbeth is actuated in his conduct mainly by an inordinate desire for worldly honors; his delight lies primarily in buying golden opinions from all sorts of people. But we must not, therefore, deny him an entirely human complexity of motives. For example, his fighting in Duncan's service is magnificent and courageous, and his evident joy in it is traceable in art to the natural pleasure which accompanies the explosive expenditure of prodigious physical energy and the euphoria which follows. He also rejoices no doubt in the success which crowns his efforts in battle - and so on. He may even conceived of the proper motive which should energize back of his great deed: The service and the loyalty I owe, In doing it, pays itself. But while he destroys the king's enemies, such motives work but dimly at best and are obscured in his consciousness by more vigorous urges. In the main, as we have said, his nature violently demands rewards: he fights valiantly in order that he may be reported in such terms a "valour's minion" and "Bellona's bridegroom"' he values success because it brings spectacular fame and new titles and royal favor heaped upon him in public. Now so long as these mutable goods are at all commensurate with his inordinate desires - and such is the case, up until he covets the kingship - Macbeth remains an honorable gentleman. He is not a criminal; he has no criminal tendencies. But once permit his self- love to demand a satisfaction which cannot be honorably attained, and he is likely to grasp any dishonorable means to that end which may be safely employed. In other words, Macbeth has much of natural good in him unimpaired; environment has conspired with his nature to make him upright in all his dealings with those about him. But moral goodness in him is undeveloped and indeed still rudimentary, for his voluntary acts are scarcely brought into harmony with ultimate end. As he returns from victorious battle, puffed up with self-love which demands ever-increasing recognition of his greatness, the demonic forces of evil-symbolized by the Weird Sisters-suggest to his inordinate imagination the splendid prospect of attaining now the greatest mutable good he has ever desired. These demons in the guise of witches cannot read his inmost thoughts, but from observation of facial expression and other bodily manifestations they surmise with comparative accuracy what passions drive him and what dark desires await their fostering. Realizing that he wishes the kingdom, they prophesy that he shall be king. They cannot thus compel his will to evil; but they do arouse his passions and stir up a vehement and inordinate apprehension of the imagination, which so perverts the judgment of reason that it leads his will toward choosing means to the desired temporal good. Indeed his imagination and passions are so vivid under this evil impulse from without that "nothing is but what is not"; and his reason is so impeded that he judges, "These solicitings cannot be evil, cannot be good." Still, he is provided with so much natural good that he is able to control the apprehensions of his inordinate imagination and decides to take no step involving crime. His autonomous decision not to commit murder, however, is not in any sense based upon moral grounds. No doubt he normally shrinks from the unnaturalness of regicide; but he so far ignores ultimate ends that, if he could perform the deed and escape its consequences here upon this bank and shoal of time, he'ld jump the life to come. Without denying him still a complexity of motives - as kinsman and subject he may possibly experience some slight shade of unmixed loyalty to the King under his roof-we may even say that the consequences which he fears are not at all inward and spiritual, It is to be doubted whether he has ever so far considered the possible effects of crime and evil upon the human soul-his later discovery of horrible ravages produced by evil in his own spirit constitutes part

Uvod Essays (9689 words) - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Uvod Tema moga rada je Historija farmacije. U skladu s time, koriste?i se knjigom History of medicine (Povijest medicine) kao glavnom vodiljom, pisati ?u zaraznim bolestima i njihovim uzro?nicima te se tako nadovezati na eksplikaciju pojmova virus, viroid i prion te o morfologiji i osobinama istih. U sredi?njem dijelu bit ?e rije?i o povijesnom pregledu najupe?atljivijih farmakologa, mikrobiologa, bakteriologa tj. ljudi koji su otvorili vrata polju virologije. Osvrnut ?u se na istra?iva?e spomenute u glavnoj literaturi te na jo? neke istra?iva?e i njihova istra?ivanja. To su: Celsus, Loius Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Adolf Eduard Mayer, Martinus Beijerinck i Dimitrij Ivanovski, Friedrich Loeffler, Paul Frosch, Frederick William Twort, Felix d'Hrelle, Paul de Kruif, Stanley B. Prusiner, Carleton Gajdusek... Kada govorimo o farmaciji, moramo spomenuti i lijekove te tako u posljednjem poglavlju obra?ujem tu temu. Jo? od anti?ke tradicije ljudi su se bavili popisivanjem lijekova, opisivali njihova svojstva i djelovanje. Povijest farmacije je op?irna tema kojoj zasigurno ne?e biti dosta nekoliko stranica ovog seminara da bih ju pokrila kako joj prili?i, no potrudit ?u se dati ?to bolji osnovan osvrt na zadanu temu. Prvo je va?no upoznati se s terminom farmacija. Farmacija je ukupnost znanja o poznavanju, prire?ivanju, ispitivanju i ?uvanju lijekova (9). Farmaceutska profesija (Slika 1) povezuje se sa farmakologijom kao dijelom medicine koja prou?ava djelovanje lijekova na organizam i farmakopejom koja predstavlja ukupnost propisa o pripravljanju i postupanju s lijekovima. Mnogo je podru?ja koja farmacija prou?ava, a neka od njih su: 1. Farmaceutska kemija 2. Farmaceutska tehnologija 3. Farmakologija 4. Toksikologija 5. Klini?ka farmacija (13) Sl. 1 Me?unarodni simbol farmaceutske profesije [pic] (http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmacija) 1. Zarazne bolesti Izme?u zdravlja i bolesti nema o?trih granica pa ni jasnih razgrani?enja me?u razli?itim stupnjevima sposobnosti. Bolesti uzrokovane zaraznim mikroorganizmima (od gr?kih rije?i micros, ?to zna?i mali, si?u?an i organon koja ozna?ava odijeljeni dio tijela) (mikrobi - od gr?ke rije?i micros, te rije?i bios, ?to zna?i ?ivot) zovu se zaraznim (infekcijskim) bolestima (4). Uzro?nici prodru u tijelo i mogu izravno o?tetiti organe ili mogu to u?initi otrovima koje izlu?uju pa o?te?enja tkiva ili organa zna?e bolest. Ipak, uzro?nici mogu u?i u ?ovjekovo tijelo, a da ne prouzro?e bolest, premda postoji zaraza (infekcija). Njih nazivamo klicono?ama (onaj koji u sebi nosi zarazne klice, onaj koji raznosi klice). 1. Op?enito o zaraznim bolestima Za postanak zarazne bolesti moraju postojati uzro?nik, izvor zaraze, mogu?nost prijenosa uzro?nika od izvora zaraze do ?ovjeka te ?ovjekova sklonost obolijevanju od zarazne bolesti. Zaraza se mo?e prenositi zrakom, slinom, doticajem one?ienim rukama i predmetima te hranom ili vodom u koju su dospjeli mikroorganizmi. Zarazu ?ovjeku mogu prenijeti i ?ivotinje. Zarazne bolesti uvijek nastaju kad se poremeti ravnote?a izme?u patogenih uzro?nika i obrambenih snaga tijela (3). 2. Uzro?nici zaraznih bolesti i bolesti koje uzrokuju Uzro?nici zaraznih bolesti prema biologijskim osobinama pripadaju razli?itim skupinama ?ivih bi?a, i to su bakterije, virusi, protozoe, gljivice i crvi. Mnogi su mikroorganizmi potrebni. Neki ?ak i prirodno ?ive u ?ovjekovu tijelu (saprofiti). Mikroorganizmi su sposobni uzrokovati zarazne bolesti (patogeni uzro?nici) i takvi su obi?no nevidljivi prostim okom i promatraju se mikroskopom. |Skupina uzro?nika |Bolesti | |Streptokoki |Streptokokne bolesti: angina, | | |?arlah, crveni vjetar, streptokokna| |Meningokoki |sepsa | | | | |Pneumokoki |Upala mozgovnica, meningokokna | | |sepsa | |Ostali | | | |Upala plu?a i druge upale | | | | | |Difterija, trbu?ni tifus, | | |dizenterija, bruceloza, crni pri?t,| |Bakterije |kolera, tetanus, itd. | | | | | |Gripa, kozice, crljenac, zau?njaci,| | |velike boginje, ospice, vakcina, | |Virusi |psitakoza i omitoza, dje?ja kljenut| | |(poliomijelitis), razli?ite upale | | |mozga, papata?i groznica itd. | |Spirohete |Leptospiroze, povratni tifus, | | |sifilis | |Rikecije |Pjegavac, Q-groznica | |Protozoa |Malarija, amebijaza, leishmanijaza,| | |tripanosomijaza | |Gljivice |Aktinomikoza, blastomikoza, | | |sporotrihoza, monilijaza, | | |histoplasmoza itd. | |Nametnici metazoa |Gliste, trakavice (ehinokok), | | |trihinoza itd. | (7) 2. Nevidljivi mikrobi i virologija - povijesni pregled Razvoj virologije vezan je uz mnoge uporne znanstvenike, istra?iva?e koji su svojim radom doprinijeli pojedinoj povijesnoj eri. Puno prije nego ?to su znanstvenici mogli definirati prirodu specifi?nih virusa, virusne bolesti poput kozica i bjesno?e omogu?ile su zna?ajne i dramati?ne uzorke potencijalne preventivne inokulacije (tj. bakterizacije). Zbog zna?ajne promjene rije?i virus u posljednja dva tisu?lje?a, moderni ?e ?itatelj najvjerojatnije biti zbunjen pri pronalasku tog termina u starim tekstovima. Prvi i najop?enitije zna?enje virusa bilo je da je sluzav, vjerojatno neugodan, ali ne i nu?no opasan. Ipak, latinski su prevoditelji puno puta koristili taj izraz sa implikacijama da je virus ne?to otrovno, ne?to ?tetno za zdravlje ili nekakva misteriozna, nepoznata zarazna tvar. Prema tome su i rimski pisac Celsus i Loius Pasteur mogli pri?ati o virusu bjesno?e. Celsus (25.pr. Kr.-50.) je najpoznatiji po svojem djelu O medicini napisanoj u osam knjiga. Primarni je izvor o prehrani, farmaciji i operaciji. O virusu se pri?alo sve

A Summary of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essays

A Summary of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essays A Summary of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay A Summary of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay Essay Topic: Brave New World Through its pessimistic view f human nature, Huxley elaborates on the methods of achieving a utopia, depicting a future horror in reality. Using the artificially implanted ideas caused by hypermedia, community is achieved when everyone works for everyone else (peg. 91) in order to achieve maximum happiness for the whole society. One of the methods to achieve community is citizens practice a certain way of life that follows the rule that everyone belongs to everyone else (peg. 43), meaning it encourages citizens to have multiple sex partners, or participate in many sexual orgy in order to reach solidarity. Also, the World State believes erotic play between children and adolescents as normal and moral. Next, the social caste system is a high priority to community, since each of the five castes, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilons, conditioning is deluded into feeling as if they are part of the society and not a social outcast. With hypermedia, each caste is thought to appreciate higher classes and conform to the caste ones put in due to repetitive teachings such as, Alpha children wear gray. They work much harder than we do, because theyre so frightfully clever. Im really awfully glad Im a Beta, because I dont work so hard. (peg. 7) The last method used is World State citizens are required to attend strictly regulated, scheduled social activities, such as a solidarity service, obstacle golf and Centrifugal Bumble-puppy, in order to keep citizens occupied and docile. However, if a citizen is withdrawn from everyone else, not promiscuous enough, or does not agree to ones caste, community is not achieved. The methods reveal Huxley fears lack of morality, communism, and lack of free thinking. By encouraging citizens to participate in sexual activities and not think of fidelity, Huxley fears human will have a lack of morality and not know DOD conduct, or behavior is. Creating a caste system for the citizens to belong to show Huxley fear that a Communist dictatorship will run how your part of society. Requiring citizens to participate in social activities in order to keep one busy and not feel alone shows that Huxley fears that one will never be able to have free thinking, or to reflect on the meaning of life. The methods used for community is appalling, immoral, frightening, but in order for community to be achieve the results of identity must be assured. Identity is achieved by teaching World State citizens to inform to ones caste, in order to make one feel different, odd, or a social outcast if one feels more than the minimum of individuality. In the book, genetic engineering is Gamma, Delta, Epsilons, are purposely affected by genetic engineering, for it results in the subordination and inferiority the lower orders have against the upper classes. By pharmaceutically anesthetizing each caste specifically, each caste will passively serve the ruling order. The method of the caste system and using hypermedia is once again revisited, for identity is affected by citizens direct role. The lower orders are aught to hate flowers and books, for A love of nature keeps no factories busy. It was decided to abolish the love of nature, at any rate among lower classes, to abolish the love of nature, but not the tendency to consume transport. (peg. 23) Also, the teachings cause citizens to lack as an individual, for hypermedia teaches children that, Till at last the childs mind is these suggestions, and the sum of the suggestions is the childs mind. And not the childs mind only. The adults mind too-all his life long. The mind that Judges and desire and decides-made up of these suggestions. But all these suggestions are our suggestions Suggestions from the State. (peg. 28-29) Therefore causes citizens to be brainwashed to do their Jobs, either as menial labors, perform administrative Jobs, or work in the government, instead of standing out as an individual in ones caste. The methods used to achieve identity show Huxley fears the possibility of few leaders able to control the masses of the World, for Brave New Worlds government can make people think and look the same without defiance. The methods for community and identity are frightfully thought-provoking ideas but stability needs to be achieved in order for the World State society to be successful as a whole. Through World State citizens work, entertainment, and the consumption of soma, stability will be achieved. The methods to achieve stability has been previously discussed in community and identity, but in order for community and identity to be achieved there must be stability overall. Work is the first method to stabilizing the society, for if one works, there would not be enough time for one to think after work hours only time to dive into pleasure and fun, which leads to entertainment. For entertainment, citizens can do whatever they please as an unconscious reward, since there is no consequences only the risk of citizens to be occupied and docile in their own affairs. Lastly, the consumption of soma, a drug that entertains and raises the sensibility of the consumer, helps insure worldwide stability, since citizens believe a grammar in time saves nine. (peg. 89) With the shallow happiness given to citizens by the utopians government, Huxley fears that people will be controlled through rewards, which poses a greater threat to human freedom rather than punishment. In the west of the world, this seems to be the case, for the people who possess greater power control peoples spending, political loyalties, and even their thoughts with pleasure and distraction, such as large commercial businesses airing commercial Jingles to consumers to buy certain products, instead of consumers buying from little businesses. Also, Huxley fears drugs like tranquilizer, a drug that smooth out any inconvenient instincts of resistance, which is similar to a soma-holiday that eliminates unhappiness, for drugs can invade and take over the conscious mind and culture. All things considered, Brave New World does create the perfect utopian future for the real world, and achieves community, identity and stability. However, the sacrifices to peppiness such as human freedom and individualism to reach the society goals are the caste system, the way of life, the entertainment, the role citizens play in society and the soma for shallow happiness and to achieve the World States motto shows Huxley fears. Huxley fears communism, lack of individuality, lack of ones own control over mind, and the increase of industrialization, but all these fears are supposedly needed to make a perfect utopia? Indeed, through its pessimistic view of human nature, Huxley elaborates on the methods of achieving a utopia, depicting a future horror in reality.

Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employee Relations - Essay Example 70). The top organizations achieve this by empowering the employees to take part in work place decision making. Therefore, employee engagement in decision making is a powerful factor in organizations’ success. Employees who are engaged in decision making processes in an organization are more focused on their customers and more productive. Therefore, the profit making organizations and employers retain them for the key purposes of business success and continuity (Kahn 1990, 9.700). According to various researches carried out across the global business markets, employees’ engagement in work place decision making is a significant strategy for organizations that aiming to succeed in the global market place. Employee engagement in decision making is not a Human Resources initiative that top level management need to be reminded always. Employee engagement in decision making is a significant initiative, which drives the employee performance in the work place, accomplishment an d continuous improvement always (Conway & Monks 2009, p.155). It is the impact from the way a particular organization associates itself with the employees in order to move the business outcomes. Therefore, various organizations can create employee empowerment by engaging them in decision making processes in the organization. ... The employees who are actively disengaged in making decision process in an organization’s bottom line erode business success and they break the morale of the other employees in the process. Nevertheless, employees are more likely to be involved in work place decision making if the organizations provides various factors (Bakker & Schaufeli 2008, p. 150). For instance, the employee engagement in decision making should be a business strategy and it should concentrate on finding engaged employees and retaining the employees engaged in work place decision making throughout the employment contract. In addition, employee’s engagement in work place decision should mainly focus on business results. This is because workers are mostly engaged in decision making process when the key objectives of the organization are aligned with the objectives of the employees. It is evident that workers feel empowered and motivated when they are accountable to the business success and they can me asure and value the results of the performance and active participation in decision making. The strategic goals and objectives of the employer and the employees should be frequent and there should be an effective communication that informs and reaches the employee at his or her rank and performance in his or her job. Engaged employees in decision making in an organization have the information needed in order have an understanding of what they are supposed to do each day and how their performance affects the company’s priorities and goals (Konrad 2006, p.4). Employee engagement in decision making is very critical to an organization’s success. Nevertheless, some of the organizations do not it

AGING AND SOCIETY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AGING AND SOCIETY - Essay Example e is a laser technology which is currently being used in treating eye cataract all over the world since the year 2000 (Biography, 2013b; Buzzle, 2013; MIT, 2005). Discrimination on race, ethnic, gender, and social economic status was not a hindrance on Dr. Bath’s desire to be successful. Aside from inventing the Laserphaco Probe, Dr. Bath is also â€Å"the first woman to be appointed to the faculty of Jules Stein Eye Institute, the first African-American to serve as a surgeon at the UCLA Medical Center, and the first African-American to receive a patent in the field of medicine† (Buzzle, 2013). The life success of Dr. Bath was the end-result of her mother’s strong support to education. Basically, the family of Dr. Bath was not rich. Her father was the first African-American who worked as a motorman in New York and her mother was a housewife who worked as domestic worker (Lambert, 2007, p. 70). Despite their socio-economic situation, Dr. Bath’s mother would put aside her hard-earned money for her children’s education (Biography, Because of her parents’ strong support to education, Dr. Bath was able to complete high school in 2 years before earning her bachelor’s degree in Chemistry at Hunter College in 1964 (Biography, 2013a; Wilson and Wilson, 2003, p. 23). Dr. Bath is a person who is eager to learn something new each day. In 1968, she decided to pursue a doctoral degree in medicine at Howard University College of Medicine for a medical degree and completed her internship at Harlem Hospital (Williams, 2011, p. 45; Lambert, 2007, p. 72; Henderson, 1998, p. 9). A year later, Dr. Bath decided to pursue further studies in ophthalmology at Columbia University (Biography, 2013a). Particularly in the book entitled â€Å"Issues in Aging†, Novak (2012) explained that the elderly people who belongs to the minority groups (i.e. African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and the American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AIAN)) are the ones who often face

Administrative Law Rev Essay Example for Free

Administrative Law Rev Essay Freedom of Information Act 1982 is entirely in the interest of public who can have access to various documents of government of Victoria and its public agencies for verification or for any other useful purpose.   The sole objective of FOI Act is to bring awareness among public whether the functioning and operations of government are in order   and how public analyze the same. Section 22 provides about the charges to be paid for having access to specific documents.   The section provides technical details of payment of fee that is calculated with time that is taken for search of documents.    This is particularly due to the fact that   the time taken for search of documents may vary depending on the date of publication of document. This is also in order to reduce the payment of fee to be paid by public.   All sectors of public may not afford to pay high rate of fees for having access to government documents.   In view of such as these reasons, hourly rate and time taken for search of documents has been included in this section. The section also covers transcription (h)   and routine requests (g)   and in case of inspection of documents no charge shall be calculated (f) in pursuance of Section 8(1) or 11(1). Section 27 clearly states about reasons of refusal of documents by a Minister of state to that effect, applicant shall be informed about the reasons in writing.   This section is somewhat complicated with the fact that a minister or a government official is a servant of public and with that motive, public must be provided access to the documents which is the sole purpose of FOI Act. This section is likely to give rise to conflicts between and may bring a deep dissatisfaction to public. Some of the documents that contain health information are also restricted with the provisions of Health   Records Act 2001, which of these reasons are also to be stated to applicant.   Although there are clauses for applying of review of decisions, launch complain to Ombudsmen, it is both time consuming and   undecisive for applicants to move further with such grievances. Section 50 deals with applications for review which would be pending with Tribunal for decisions.   This may pertain to a request for document, charge made, decision for access, or any other specific request regarding information under FOI Act.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tribunal in all respects has to deal with each individual case, giving its due importance of provisions along with genuine reasons. This section is in favor of public, as Tribunal shall reconsiders and reviews the decisions and grants permissions to public in various aspects that are relevant to FOI Act. The Tribunal may refuse the decision of Minister or agency and give an order in favor of public. Those issues or requests for documents which were not considered by Minister, are very well resolved at Tribunal by applicants. Section 51 states that an applicant may apply to Principal officer or Minister for review of decision, which was given in the deemed absence within 28 days   for review of decision or refusing to give access to health documents as per Section 36 of Health Records Act 2001. This section offers powers and opportunities to public   for   reconsideration of requests for having access to documents.   Applicants have to be excessively vigilant in deriving the maximum benefit from the government bodies and officials.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This section is both useful for public and for principal officers to check the veracity of facts in all respects. Section 51A  Ã‚  Ã‚   deals with conciliation of Health Service Commissioner   which state that issues that were deferring in Section 50 and 51 in the matters of health documents, may suitably be taken up by applicant with this section and apply for Health Service Commissioner’s decision.   In case Health Service Commissioner fails to conciliate a request, to that effect an notice in writing must be issued to both applicant and Principal Officer. This appears as a last resort for applicant as the decision of Health Service Commissioner is the final approach for an applicant. Conclusion The enactment of FOI is made with a view of regularizing the functioning and to increase the   working efficiency of governments.   Apart from this fact, the public are also provided an in-depth knowledge about information and working status of governments. Although there are many technicalities involved in FOI Act, each section, sub-section and clause, a significance of reason is attached to it for the benefit of both public and governing bodies.

History Of An Ethical Dilemma Social Work Essay

History Of An Ethical Dilemma Social Work Essay In this essay, based on a case study and ethical dilemma (see appendix); I will demonstrate the process of ethical decision making and justify a course of action. I will discuss the ethical issues from the dilemma; critically examine competing BACP ethical principles and guidelines, issues of difference, organisational issues and legal implications and evaluating the outcome. To conclude I will discuss the therapeutic relationship. To maintain confidentiality and client anonymity, all personal details have been amended within this academic essay and case study. Impacts upon the problem and issues to consider An impact upon the problem is, if I breach confidentiality, I will be damaging the trusting relationship formed with Raj, leaving her feeling isolated, further vulnerable and let down. This could affect not only her trust in future relationships and prevent her from seeking help in the future but also her therapeutic progress. If I breached confidentiality it could lead to my client experiencing further threats from her husband. Raj is fearful of going to the police when this happens as in the past he manipulated the police into believing she was abusing her husband which led to him having custody of their son. Furthermore, it could cause the father to be angry with Aaron and could lead to him experiencing further abuse. However, as a member of the BACP I have a duty of care towards my client and a statutory and common law duty to safeguard vulnerable children as recognised by the Childrens Act (2004) (Jenkins, 2004). Further impacting the situation is the organisations policies regarding confidentiality and child protection, which require me to breach confidentiality and report such concerns to my line manager and make a safeguarding alert to social services. Additionally, when contracting in our initial counselling session, I explained that in circumstances of child protection and where my client or others are at risk of harm, confidentiality would be breached, which Raj agreed too, thus she was aware of this when she disclosed child abuse to me. Furthermore, if I was to breach confidentiality without Rajs consent, she would not want to continue our counselling sessions due to trust being broken. It could also seem disrespectful of Rajs choices and concerns and that I do not understand her frame of reference. Further issues to consider include the clients culture, my own morals and standpoint, what action needs to be taken to ensure a good quality of practice, the ethical, legal and professional implications for any decision made as well as considering will breaching confidentiality be for the greater good and whose interests will be met. While also considering Rajs interests and rights to be free of harm, autonomous living, justice and good quality of therapy, I must also consider the consequences for myself and my own self-respect and needs (BACP, 2010). Whose dilemma is it? It is Rajs dilemma as she is fearful of her ex-husband finding out that Aaron told her about the incident, fearing this will lead to Aaron being further abused. The decision affects Raj as I have been trusted with personal, confidential information, therefore Raj will feel neglected and betrayed if confidentiality is breached, leaving her isolated (Welfel, 2006, pp 67). Her vulnerability will further due to feelings of abandonment as presently I am her only support besides the collectivist family unit. It is also my problem as I am being asked to keep confidence despite feeling wary and uncomfortable in doing so. While I have no legal obligation to report child abuse, I have an ethical obligation to report the disclosure as I have a duty of care towards protecting a child at risk and a vulnerable adult as well as acting in the best interests of the client. Furthermore it would be morally wrong of me to not report the incident and especially if something else happens causing further harm to Aaron and/or Raj, which seems likely as the ex-husband has a history of abuse and aggressive behaviour. I will need to act quickly in order to prevent possible further harm to Aaron. Raj has specifically asked for confidentiality to be maintained, so if I breached confidentiality, this will be untrustworthy and going against my clients wishes. However, confidentiality can be breached in cases of child protection and if someone is at risk of harm; in this case Aaron. Due to Rajs vulnerability and fear resulting from domestic violence, her thought process may be irrational and anxiety provoked. As a counsellor I need to act in the best interests of my client and to protect her from harm. By breaching confidence, I do not want to create further problems for my client or do anything that will cause harm to her or her son. I have an obligation to Raj, BACP and the organisation to put my own feelings aside in order to follow the best interests of my client and what causes the least harm to her whilst also having an ethical obligation to protect Aaron against harm. In my job description, it is not stated that I will solely liable for damages; therefore, it is the organisations problem because as my employer they could face legal implications if confidentiality is breached, i.e. if Raj sued the organisation. BACP (2010) state respecting client confidentiality is a fundamental requirement for keeping trust. I am a member of the BACP so I would be going against their guidelines by breaching confidence without consent. Ethical Principles and Values, Organisation Policies and Legal Issues By law, I am required to maintain confidentiality so long as the client or anyone else is not at risk of harm and when confidentiality is assumed or requested, , I would be lying to Raj and betraying her trust and their relationship is this information was disclosed to a third party (Welfel, 2006). However, while in cases of child protection informed consent is not required due to having a statutory duty to report, I can be honest and open with Raj about what I plan on doing to ensure congruence and maintain the therapeutic relationship. There are many possible conflicts between ethical principles and the law. The law states confidentiality must be abided so long as no one is at harm, however the BACP ethical principles of justice and self-respect ensure that not only does the professional consider the clients best interest, without causing harm to themselves. However, by adhering to confidentiality about something I am morally against I would not be appropriately applying the ethical principles as entitlements for myself. While I have a main responsibility to keep Raj from harm, I also must consider the Aarons right for safety. While Raj has a human right to choice, I have an ethical and professional obligation to ensure I provide Raj with necessary information to ensure the decision made is the best possible decision for Raj and Aaron and would cause the least harm. By attending clinical supervision and line management supervision I will be able to receive guidance on dealing with dilemma, gain a differing perspective on the situation. Reflection will also help me understand the situation more clearly. Fidelity I have established an effective therapeutic relationship based on trust, congruence, safety, UPR and warmth with Raj. It would be untrustworthy of me to breach confidentiality as Raj trusts me. However as I am required by the BACP and organisation to report child protection, I will need to be honest with Raj and explain that I will need to report the incident however it would be better if she gave her consent and explaining why this matter needs to be reported. Autonomy Throughout the counselling process, I have valued Rajs autonomy through choice and offering power to make decisions within therapy. I must respect her decision by keeping her material confidential and her right to be self-governing and make choices independently without hindrance (Gillon, 1985). However by helping Raj consider the situation and consequences thoroughly, through all perspectives, she will be able to make an informed decision. By gaining informed consent I will be abiding by BACP guidelines as well as respecting my clients right to choice and accurate information and being client-centred. By explaining my ethical obligations in the contracting process and reiterating this and my requirements in safeguarding children when Raj made the disclosure, I am informing her of foreseeable conflicts as soon as possible. Beneficence Raj is vulnerable, confused, scared and distressed, therefore is it not sure if she is able to recognise her best interest. She may not be acting rationally due to her fear of her ex-husband and worry over her son. By explaining why it would be in her best interests and Aarons best interests to disclose child abuse, I am showing a commitment to promoting her well-being as well as being concrete and honest. Non-maleficence The action that would cause the least amount of harm to Raj is to make the safeguarding alert without disclosing where I gained the information. While this will limit the action social services can take against her husband and to protect her son, it will ensure that her husband will not find out that she or Aaron disclosed the abuse. If I was to not make the safeguarding alert, Raj would remain distressed and fearing for her sons safety which would cause her further emotional harm. Justice Raj has human rights to freedom and choice over her decision and the support she receives and the right to respect for private and family life, however she and Aaron have a right to prohibition of torture. The fairest decision for both Raj and Aaron is to make the safeguarding alert with informed consent. By honouring her right to information I am being fair by assisting her to make an informed decision. I am also being fair to myself in abiding by BACP ethics, the law and organisational policies. Self-Respect I am being asked to go against my own beliefs and morals as well statutory law and BACP ethical guidelines, thus conflicting with my right to beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, justice and my human rights. BACP state informed consent should be sought before breaching confidentiality, however the organisations policies state that clients do not need to be informed when breaching confidentiality for child protection matters, which would be dishonest of me and affect the therapeutic relationship. This causes conflicts within what is being asked of me, professionally, ethically, legally and morally what I feel is right. To work through these conflicts I attended clinical supervision and discussed the dilemma with my line manager. Possible Courses of Action As a member of the BACP I am required to maintain confidence at Rajs request. By providing a rationale as to why confidentiality needs to be breached, I could work within the boundaries of my job and BACP ethical guidelines by helping Raj to understand that this disclosure would assist in ensuring Aarons safety in the future as procedures would be put into place to prevent further harm to Aaron and a safety plan can be formed to ensure Raj is safe from harm from her ex-husband. I could explain to her that when I make the disclosure to social services, I dont have to disclose her personal details and she can remain anonymous thus her ex-husband will not know that she has reported the incident. I can also explain to social services that Aaron is at risk of further harm so procedures will be put into place to protect him should the incident be investigated. This will hopefully put Raj at ease. Raj would need to give written informed consent for me to share her information with a third p arty (Welfel, 2006), providing she is fully informed of all the facts to make that choice (Gerch and Dhomhnaill (2005). This would ensure I am abiding by the Data Protection Act (1998). By giving a rationale, offering a different perspective and accurate and necessary information, Raj will be able to make an informed decision. Raj is more likely to give me informed consent to make the disclosure if I show her that she can trust me to consider her best interests and ensure her safety as far as possible. I will allow Raj time to make up her mind, and ask questions to ensure she does not feel pressured (McLeod, 2010). The other option is to breach confidentiality without Rajs consent as a child is at risk of harm. This would mean the disclosure could be made sooner as I would not need to speak to Raj thus action to ensure Aarons safety could be taken sooner. However, in doing so I will damage the therapeutic relationship, breaking her trust and causing more psychological harm as she I would then be another person in her life whom she trusted but let her down, which will then make her more vulnerable and cause trust issues within future relationships. Furthermore, Raj could take legal action against me or the organisation (Jenkins, 2007). By choosing this course of action I will be going against BACP ethical guidelines, the organisations ethos and my own values and morals as an integrative practitioner as well as safeguarding legislations. To ensure Rajs safety I still could keep Rajs personal details confidential when making the safeguarding alert. Course of Action Having referred to the Childrens Act (1989, 2004) and its supporting guidance for safeguarding children (HM Government, 2006, 2010). I will explain to Raj that due to ethical guidelines, the organisations policies regarding child protection and statutory and common law as well as my moral duty of care towards Aaron, I need to breach confidentiality as stated in the counselling contract. I will explain to her that this safeguarding alert will assist in ensuring her sons safety in the future as there will be a record made and that social services will do whatever they can to prevent further harm to Aaron. I will explain to Raj that when I raise this alert to social services, if she prefers, I will not disclose her personal details, I will maintain her anonymity in accordance to the data protection act (1998) (Jenkins, 2007) and I will not disclose where I got this information from thus her husband will not know that she has reported the incident. However I will also explain to Raj that should she give me permission to disclose where I got this information from it will be further help as the more evidence I can provide, the better chance there is of social services acting upon the disclosure. I will explain that this is completely her choice and I will respect whatever decision she make, but I am professionally, ethically and legally required to breach confidentiality, thus enabling her to make an informed choice. Thus Raj would feel more confident and knowledgeable about her decision and she will have a choice in her decision (BMAED, 2004, pp. 74), thus respecting her autonomy and Human Rights (Bond, 2010). I will also explain that due to my respect for Raj I would like her permission to make this disclosure and to agree upon what information will be shared as well as abiding by BACP guidelines and the law. By explaining to Raj why this action must be taken, how I will ensure her and Aarons safety is maintained as much as possible and explaining each step I will take and the information to be shared, I am showing Raj that I value her and her opinion, I have her best interests at heart and that protecting Aaron and maintaining her safety is key within the work that I am doing. Ultimately I am exemplifying she can trust me and providing her with a safe environment, free from punishment. By also offering alternative perspectives such as explaining the possible consequences of not making the safeguarding alert would also allow Raj to make an informed choice (BACP, 2010). It is important that I am honest with Raj and that I give her the necessary information as this would exemplify fidelity, client autonomy, respect, and equality. I will reassure Raj that I will support her, listen to her and that as an Asian counsellor I can understand her concerns regarding family honour and confidentiality thus I will maintain her anonymity it she feels that it what she wants to do. By choosing this course of action I show that I have considered universality, publicity and justice (Bond, 2010, Gabriel and Casemore, 2010) and the ethical, legal and professional implications, whereby I am abiding by the BACP ethical framework, the organisations policies on child protection and statutory law regarding data protection, confidentiality, and child protection and safeguarding vulnerable adults. Furthermore, I have considered the consequences of this action within supervision, considering the effect on the therapeutic relationship, my own rights and legal implications if informed consent is not sought. Evaluation of the outcome The outcome was that after the fourth session, with informed consent I made a safeguarding alert whilst also maintaining Rajs anonymity, which led to social services checking on Aaron and a record being made. Raj attended a further where she reflected upon her therapeutic progress, her self-esteem and shared her decision to apply for sole custody of Aaron. I would take this action again for other clients and feel I made the right decision as I was honest, gave the necessary information, respected Rajs autonomy, beneficence, maleficence and ensured that the decision was fair for everyone involved, prevented further harm to Raj, Aaron and abided by ethical and legal guidelines (Bond, 2010, Gabriel and Casemore, 2010). Furthermore, I considered the clients culture and presenting issues which were relevant to ensuring her safety. Over all, I promoted the clients well-being and protected her from harm. Therapeutic Relationship When clients are able to see us as genuinely concerned for them, that we are not putting on a professional faà §ade, they will feel safe with us because we are reliable (Merry, 2002). By being honest about what I was intending to do and explaining I was congruent yet mindful of the clients frame of reference and experience I highlighted I was sincere in offering help. Beyond the physical scars, domestic violence has profound effects on a womens self-worth. Lewis (2003) stated an abused woman needs to regain power and control over her life by making independent choices and decisions. Carl Rogers (1951) highlighted that we all have the capacity to be fully functioning if our power is given recognition. Through a client centred approach based on respect, acceptance and choice, I helped Raj to recognise her worth and power within the therapeutic relationship and thus empowering her. Rogers core conditions (1951) encourage women to develop power from inside them in order to attain improved self-awareness and to take control. Thus by allowing Raj to take control over what was happening in therapy, I was helping her become autonomous, and take control over the choices she wanted in life, whilst also protecting her from harm and understanding her cultural needs through empathy and UPR. The increase in self-esteem would enable further self-awareness, which would later help achieve successful therapy outcomes from changes in personality and behaviour (Rogers, 1951). These points highlight that I had provided a good quality of care and maintained a good therapeutic relationship (BACP, 2010). It must be considered, it is due to the effective relationship that Raj felt comfortable to make the disclosure and through offering her power and autonomy and being honest, she felt comfortable with giving her consent as I was able to exemplify that her and Aarons safety was paramount.

An Eminent Threat to the Planet Essay

Global warming is certainly a danger that threatens our society. While it may not drastically affect this generation, if things keep going as they are, future generations will have to deal with the problems that people are presently causing. Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases Global warming refers to an overall increase in the temperature of the earth. This is due emissions of greenhouse gases, which are essentially pollutants which damage the earth’s ability to maintain itself when they are released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a particularly common greenhouse gas that is emitted by the activities people all of the time. An overload of these gases prevents the ability of the atmosphere to absorb some of the rays from the sun, as the ozone layer is damaged. Fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and kerosene release fumes into the atmosphere that damage the atmosphere’s ability to regulate the earth’s temperature by allowing and preventing solar rays from reaching the surface. Climate Change and seal Level Rise Although current climate change is best represented by more extreme temperatures (higher high temperatures in the summer, and lower lows in the winter), ultimately the earth is expected to warm up. Many scientists have hypothesized that within the next century, the earth may warm by up to two degrees Fahrenheit. Although this does not seem like a lot, it could cause the melting of the outer layers of Antarctic ice, which would cause a rise in sea level by up to a few feet over the course of the next century. But the rate of global warming is expected to increase, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. If this occurs, and due to the expansion of Antarctic ice and the melting of some ice caps, sea level could rise by several feet, which would have devastating consequences. Life as we know it would be completely altered by any significant rise in sea level. Because water allows for trade and transportation, most major communities are built close to the coast of continents, rather than the interiors. That being said, if sea level was to rise so much as ten feet, many cities would be completely destroyed. Miami, Florida would have to be evacuated, as would most of the towns within fifty miles of the United States Gulf Coast. Much of the land in the Caribbean would be submerged, as would many islands in the South Pacific, and even some areas in Europe, such as the Netherlands. How Our Current Activities are Causing Global Warming Although exact measurements of the rate of the rise in temperature and thus, sea level are presently immeasurable, the way human beings are living today will certainly ensure that they will be significant. People are causing more emissions of environmentally and atmospherically dangerous gases than ever before, and we do not seem like we are going to stop any time soon. More cars are on the road, more airplanes are in the air, and more boats, including large freighters and barges are in the water than ever before, and as the planet’s population increases, so will the amount and volume of our emissions of dangerous gases. If we intend to hinder global warming in any way, we have to realize that our present course is not environmentally friendly, and it will lead to a rise in temperature (and a greater abundance of pollutants). We need to invest in clean fuels, and even though researching alternatives to our current fuels will be costly, it is well worth it in the long run, because global warming is a fast way to destroy our planet. References U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Climate Change: Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 2009. http://www. epa. gov/climatechange/emissions/index. html U. S. Department of State. Climate Change and Overview. 2009. http://www. state. gov/g/oes/rls/rpts/car/90312. htm

Surah Al Fatina Guide

INTRODUCTION OF SURAH AL FATIHAThe word â€Å"Fatiha† comes from the verb â€Å"Fataha†, which means in this text â€Å"to open†. â€Å"Al† is a defined article and Fatiha means the opening Surah, which opens the Quran. Some Muslims interpret it as this surah has ability to open a person's faith in Allah. It is the Mecci Surah of the Holy Quran, which means that it was discovered on the Prophet of God while He was in Makah, It also has the honor of being the very first Surah that is made known completely. Although it consists of 7 Ayahsonly, but it still explains the Veneration of the Almighty in a very comprehensive fashion and also is a great means of supplication of asking Allah for keeping one on the right path. It is also named Umm al-Qur'an, the Mother of the Qur'an, and Umm al-Kitab, the Mother of the Book because it summarizes the meaning of whole Quran. It is also named Sab'ul-Mathani, (the Seven Often Repeated Verses), Al-Hamd, (the Praise), Al-Shifa (The Cure) and Ar-Ruqya, the Spiritual Cure. Its recitation is a condition for the effectiveness of the prayer.VIRTUES OF SURAH FATIHASurah Al Fatiha has many virtues. Some of them are briefly defined here:It is cure of diseases such as Snake sting, Epilepsy or any otherillness. A companion once recited Al-Fatihah over a scorpion bite, to which the Prophet commanded him saying:†How did you know it was a Ruqyah (cure)?†(Sahih Al Bukhari)It is the greatest chapter of Quran.It is pillar of the prayer as Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) said: â€Å"Whoever does not recite SurahAl Fatihah in his prayer, his prayer is invalid†.†(Sahih Al Bukhari)It is the seven oft-repeated verses because it is repeated in everyunit of prayer.It is mother of Quran.It was sent from Heaven as a light. An Angel addressed the Prophet(SAW) saying:â€Å"Rejoice in two lights brought to you which have not been brought to any prophet before you, Al-Fatihah and the last verses of Al- Baqarah†It is cure for heart as it protects heart from offensive motives.THEME OF SURAH FATIHAIt declares that God alone is the maintainer of all the known and the unknown worlds, ultimate source of mercy, justice and guidance for mankind. Only He can guide man to the way of life acceptable to him though he doesn't compel anyone to follow that way. Instead, in the words of the Quran, it is man's duty to beg before Him for guidance: Allah said in Quran that: call on Me,I shall answer your supplication† (40:60). He also tells man the consequences of following this code of conduct or going astray. Therefore, man needs to praise and worship him and resort to him alone. AsHe is the supreme justice and everybody will have to answer Him on the day of Judgement for his worldly deeds.TAFSEER OF SURAH ALFATIHA1. In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.This statement is also known as the basmala.Baa means In the name of Allah or seeking help or blessing with the name of ALLAH.As in Arabic language it has three different meanings.The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem:Both these names are derived from the same root letters: raa, haa, meem; which means to have mercy. They are thus similar in meaning and both are connected to Allah's (SWT) Mercy. Allah has started the first surah with his names of mercy rather than might and power that shows that how important this characteristic is.And there also exist a difference between Al Rahman and AL Raheem. Al-RahmanIt is Allah's mercy to all the creation as in one of hadith it is mentioned that Allah has divided his mercy into 100 parts and only one part is sent down to this dunia.It is from this one part of His Mercy that animals show mercy to their offspring (Sahih Muslim)Allah says in QURAN: My Mercy encompasses all things. (Al-A'raf: 156) Al-RaheemAl-Raheem indicated the Mercy of Allah which is specific for the believers. It indicated the doing of action that only those people have mercy who believes in Allah.Allah says in Quran: He is full of mercy to the believers (Al-Ahzab:43)2. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worldsAccording to scholarsHamd and shukar has same meaning i.e.Thankfulness or gratitude. But in actual they have some difference i.e.Hamd is something which must be done with love and reverence, but shukr does not need this. Shukr is done in response to a favour which is done to a person but hamd is done simply because the one being praised and thanked is wor thy of that.Rabb:Rabb comes from the root letter Raa; Baa, Baa means one having control over something. SoRaab means one who controls or cherishes everything and is the king and master of everything. In case of ALLAH; He is alone the master whole universe and cherishes it.Aa'lameen means everything that exists other than ALLAH TALA which includes those things which have an intellect, and they are four i.e. mankind, Jins, angels and devils. It also includes those things which have souls. But it is believed that the view about everything that exists other than Allah is best because of proofs being ayah 23 and 24 of Surah Shu'ara.Said Pharaoh, â€Å"And what is the Lord of the worlds?† (23)[Moses] said, â€Å"The Lord of the heavens and earth and that between them, if you should be convinced.†(24)3. The Entirely Merciful, and beneficial Here these two names are repeated to again emphasis on two important attributes of Allah that is mercy. When something is repeated in Quran pak we see ayah before it and after it to see how they are related. Here the previous ayah told the power of Allah that He has the control over everything yet again here Allah defined Himself as the most merciful as well and tells that His taking of and sustaining and providing for us is all part of his mercy towards us. 4. Master of the Day of Judgment The first word of this ayah can be recited in two ways: either as â€Å"Maalik† (with a madd after the meem) or as â€Å"Malik† (without the madd). Maalik means master, and it refers to â€Å"milk† – the ownership of something. Malik means king, and it refers to â€Å"mulk† – the dominion of a person. It is the Day of Recompense for deeds. Everyone will be gathered on this day. Some will be rewarded through His Mercy while others punished through His Justice. Allah specifically mentions His sovereignty alone on the Day of Judgment in this verse because no one will claim anything on that day and no one will be allowed to speak except by His permission. For some scholars it is the most alarming ayah of Quran whereas some scholars says it's the most calmest ayah of Quran which gives ry of hope to people that there would be day of justice. 5. It is You we worship and You we ask for help.At this point, there is a shift in the Surah from informing us about Allah (SWT) and praising Him, to addressing Him.â€Å"We worship† means we obey. Worship is obedience and self-abasement. It means to humble yourself before Allah (SWT) and to submit to His Will. Outwardly it is self-abasement, but in reality, it is glory and beautification. The ayah affirms the Lordship of Allah and affirms that worship is due to Him.â€Å"Iyyaakanasta'een† means we seek help, support and success.It also refers the status of the slave and his worship which is lower so it will come after mentioning the Lord, Allah (SWT).This verse is a proof that the slave is not allowed to divert any type of worship to other than Allah. The verse also contains remedy for the hearts from the illness of being attached to other than Allah. There is also a cure in it against spiritual diseases of showing off, self-admiration, and arrogance. 6. Guide us to the straight pathThis part of Surah Al-Fatiha is dua in which we asks ALLAH to show us right path so that we do good deeds to get closer to Allah. We need to struggle towards Allah (SWT) by doing good deeds and by staying away from all bad deeds which will distance us from Him.The word â€Å"siraat† in ayah means path. But it is not any other ordinary path rather it has certain conditions which has to be fullfilled.Theseconditions are that it must be straight path. It must reach the goal and it must be shortest route to achieve the goal. Otherwise it would be called something else such as tareeq or sabeel.The word â€Å"Mustaqeem† in ayah is derived from istaqaama, which means to be straight, upright, and correct. We already said that for a road to be a sirat it must be straight, so this adjective of mustaqeem again emphasis the straightness of this Path. Another meaning of mustaqeem is to remain firm or to stand firm without tilting. For example, a tree that is firmly grounded when the wind blows it is not affected by it. So, the Straight Path is a path on which people are firmly grounded.7. The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray. Who are the people who have been blessed by Allah (SWT) and whose Path we ask to guide to? This is explained by Allah (SWT) in another ayah where He says: † Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, the Prophets, the sincere, the martyrs and the righteous, and these are the best company. â€Å"(Al-Nisa': 69) So, the favored and blessed people are the Prophets, the righteous, the martyrs and the pious. And who are the people with anger on them and those who are astray? This is explained by the Prophet. ‘AdiibnHatim (RA) asked him about those with anger on them and he replied that it refers to the Jews. He then asked him about those who are astray and he replied that it refers to the Christians. This is reported by al-Tirmidhi and is authentic.IMPACT OF SURAH AL FATIHA ON MUSLIMSSurah Fatiha has great impact on Muslims. According to some scholars this surah opens the faith of people. And repeatedly recitation of Surah Fatiha brin gs one closer to Allah. It drive us to ensure that we are sincere to the meaning of words that You alone we worship and to You alone we ask for help. This Surah gives Muslims ray of hope that they will have justice on the day of judgment as ALLAH has said He is the Master of the day ofjudgement.And this Surah helps us to seek guidance from Allah and thank Allah always when we have something from all. Muslims have great belief that by reciting Surah Fatiha they can cure diseases. Apart of that, This Surah always remind us through reciting that all praises belongs to ALLAH and He is the only one who worth worshiping. And it reminds Muslims that they have to return back to Allah one day and He will ask about their worldly deeds so they try not to commit bad deeds and act upon the commands of Allah.

Activity 2 Foundations Essay

Activity 2 Foundations Essay Activity 2 Foundations Essay Heterogeneous Catalyst: The Catalytic Converter Within the field of chemistry, catalysts are used to lower the activation energy (Ea) required in order to kick start a desired reaction. There are multiple ways scientists have been able to utilize this implementation into everyday life. There are three types of catalysts: heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts as well as enzymes. The type of interest here is the heterogeneous catalyst. A heterogeneous catalyst is one that exists in a different phase as the reactants it is being introduced to. For example, a solid being introduced into a reaction that contains two different liquids and speeds up the reaction of those two liquids is considered a heterogeneous catalyst. A perfect example to evaluate in more depth is one that most of us use every single day. A catalytic converter is something that is required on the exhaust system of all present-day vehicles. It can be found attached to an exhaust pipe just as it comes out of the engine. Most common converters do exactly as the name refers, they catalyze chemical reactions that in short convert otherwise harmful chemicals to less harmful molecules to be released into the air. A typical converter consists of multiple sheets of platinum that carry out three important reactions. These platinum sheets act as heterogeneous catalysts in said reactions. Within the two primary reactions the catalyst is used as an oxidizing agent, adding oxygen to incoming molecules and releasing

Dairy Milk Chocolate Essay Example

Dairy Milk Chocolate Essay Example Dairy Milk Chocolate Paper Dairy Milk Chocolate Paper delightful combination of milk chocolate and white chocolate. Giving consumers anexciting reason to keep coming back into the fun filled world of Cadbury. Our Journey: Cadbury Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the chocolate category for years. Andhas participated and been a part of every Indians moments of happiness, joy andcelebration. Today, Cadbury Dairy Milk alone holds 30% value share of the Indianchocolate market. In the early 90s, chocolates were seen as meant for kids, usually a reward or a bribe for  children. In the Mid 90s the category was re-defined by the very popular `Real Taste of  Life campaign, shifting the focus from `just for kids to the `kid in all of us. It appealedto the child in every adult. And Cadbury Dairy Milk became the perfect expression of  spontaneity and shared good feelings. The Real Taste of Life campaign had many memorable executions, which people stillfondly remember. However, the one with the girl dancing on the cricket field hasremained etched in everyones memory, as the most spontaneous ; un-inhibitedexpression of happiness. This campaign went on to be awarded The Campaign of the Century, in India at theAbby (Ad Club, Mumbai) awards. In the late 90s, to further expand the category, the focus shifted towards wideningchocolate consumption amongst the masses, through the Khanewalon Ko Khane Ka37 Bahana Chahiye campaign. This campaign built social acceptance for chocolateconsumption amongst adults, by showcasing collective and shared moments. More recently, the Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye campaign associated Cadbury Dairy Milk  with celebratory occasions and the phrase Pappu Pass Ho Gaya became part of streetlanguage. It has been adopted by consumers and today is used extensively to express joyin a moment of achievement / success. The interactive campaign for Pappu Pass Ho Gaya bagged a Bronze Lion at the  prestigious Cannes Advertising Festival 2006 for Best use of internet and new media. The idea involved a tie-up with Reliance India Mobile service and allowed students tocheck their exam results using their mobile service and encouraged those who passedtheir examinations to celebrate with Cadbury Dairy Milk. The Pappu Pass Ho Gaya campaign also went on to win Silver for The Best IntegratedMarketing Campaign and Gold in the Consumer Products category at the EFFIES 2006(global benchmark for effective advertising campaigns) awards. During the 1st World War, Cadbury Dairy Milk supported the war effort. Over 2,000male employees joined the armed forces and Cadbury sent books, warm clothes andchocolates to the front. 38 Cadburys big Bytes Kuch meetha ho jaye uggests Cadbury India, its brand ambassador Amitabh Bachchansmiling down the hoardings lined along Mumbais Marine Drive right down to thecompanys corporate head office at Mahalakshmi. While the chocolate major is waitingfor Diwali to see a turnaround in its business after the worm’s controversy, at the momentits all about driving growth for the category, which has seen a decline since the firstquarter of this year. Being the market leader in chocolates with a 70 per cent share, the company hasattempted to stretch the boundaries withi n chocolate confectionery. It has also beenadventurous in unleashing a brand new category within chocolate early this year. Introducing the concept of sweet snacking, it launched Cadbury Bytes in the south withthe positioning `Snacking ka meetha funda. The product is a crunchy wafer pillow with achoco-cream centre and is being rolled out nationally. 39 Explaining the need to introduce this new category, Bharat Puri, Managing Director,Cadbury India, says, While we were sure of our core competencies, there was need for  innovation to deliver double-digit growth. What we found was that we were under-represented in the area of snacking on the go and that there was a need for a light crunchysnack. While entry into salted snacks was ruled out, sweet snacks were the obviouschoice, and Bytes is unique to the chocolate majors Indian portfolio. Getting the right product and packaging was a challenge for the company. It has sub-contracted the product to get the volumes and is poised for a national launch. Adds Puri,After all this was the first category anywhere in the world that Cadbury was entering andwe did not have the expertise. So the best way was to test-market the product and todaywe find that it has already bagged five per cent of the chocolate market. The company has no apprehensions of cannibalization of its chocolate brands. It believesthat while its chocolates are more of indulgence products, Bytes is about snacking whenone is hungry and can be treated as a snack in between meals. The aim of this project is to evaluate the marketing strategy of Cadburys Dairy Milk. To do this, I will need to gather information about the product; I will ask a questionnaire which is a primary research method. Then I will also gain some secondary research, this will be achieved by searching the internet for information and from a product information letter from Cadbury. I will investigate all aspects of Dairy milks marketing mix, these include: product, price, promotion and place. After I have investigated these aspects I will analyse and evaluate my results from the Primary research. History of Dairy Milk and Cadbury Cadburys started as a one-man business, opened in 1824 by a Quaker, John Cadbury, in Bull Street Birmingham, was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited, now one of the worlds largest chocolate producers. By 1831 the business had changed from a grocery shop and John Cadbury had become a manufacturer of drinking chocolate and cocoa, the start of the Cadbury manufacturing business as it is known today. Dairy Milk is a brand of chocolate bar made by Cadburys popular in the United Kingdom and around the world. It was introduced in 1905. There are a number of varieties including Fruit ; Nut and Whole Nut. And Fruit variety was available for a short time but was discontinued. In 2003 Cadburys made Dairy Milk into superbrand, bringing a number of different products under the Dairy Milk branding. For example Wispa bars were phased out and replaced by Dairy Milk with bubbles. As of 2004, there are ten varieties of Dairy Milk produced in the UK

Culture and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture and Technology - Essay Example In a book of Lederach J. P. (1995) says, "Culture is the shared knowledge and schemes created by a set of people perceiving, interpreting, expressing and responding to the social realities around them." People wakeup, take breakfast and go to their offices for work. In the evening they came back take rest, enjoy with family, go out to refresh their minds, have dinner and sleep at nights. The next day they do the same with slightly ups and down. So this is a culture of mankind community to eat, work, enjoy and sleep on daily basis. Changing this culture is impossible. Now if we take an example of an Accountant who daily writes hundreds of ledger pages using pen and paper giving pain to his fingers and stress on mind in hours now can do all this using a technology named as Computer, in few minutes through few clicks. Technology is increasing and updating in day by day. Abacus gives rise to Computer. Computer get advance gave rise to a technology known as Internet. Internet is used to communicate the world from one end to another. Not only this, but there are many uploaded free books and libraries that makes studies more comfortable and enhanced. Computer and major Internet becomes part of daily lives. Instead of having big expensive machines, people start buying personal computers. Computers get to be in reasonable price and technology rises to home to home. Internet starts being part of students, professionals and every field of man's life. The technology raised and internet and computer starts playing important role in business and large organization which tends people carry their work with them and Laptops or mini computers on mobile are evolved. Carrying laptops from one place to another was getting difficult, as laptops are expensive and a doubt to get theft increased. Tough technology with these thoughts researched and developed a Remote Computer. A Computer now can be operated via Internet anywhere. This technology is simple but allows you to access your business computer in office from home or computer at your home from far seven seas away. Windows XP as its component also introduced remote Computer. But it flopped at the time of low bandwidth Internet or Windows 95 and Windows XP difference. Development and Implementation Remote Installation Services uses different techniques to install and compile the remote computer for the use on different computers. RIS uses network communication while the remote sharing of computer. The network infrastructure should be slid so that it allows easily downloading the material from one end to another. Besides network, RIS uses special image transferring API's. Different Images heavy or light handled by RIS. Though after activation of RIS on computers a restart is required so that all setting gets fixed up while booting the computer. RIS allows client and server to communicate through images and commands. The continuous exchange of requests and responses allows the remote sharing. The architecture of Remote Sharing can be explained in a manner that client logs in to the network and uses its IP address. RIS helps to transfer the request to server. Serve accomplish the request and take image and send back to the client. The RIS on client computer receives the image and shows up. Clients move the mouse on its own computer desktop or do any other action the

Legalizing Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legalizing Marijuana - Essay Example Against the national average of 44.5%,British Columbia has a fair share of 52.1% and the lower then average percentage that is reported in the province like Prince Edward Island (36.5%) Through it may sound bizarre to us but the legalization of Marijuana not only help in controlling black marketing and subsequent war and law& Order impasse, it will help the federal government to get a considerable revenue in terms of tax that is to be levied upon. In economic perspective, it gives a good profit and the government should en cash out of that. In his well researched article, Dr Gieringer has cited the price advantages of Marijuana. The facts are amazingly simple. The ounce of fine tea costs $2, the pipe tobacco costs in between $1.25 to 1.5 while the Marijuana costs something in between $5 including labor cost. The same Marijuana, via clandestine drug market, costs any thing in between $150 to $400 per ounce. No wander, this high margin attracts the elements in crime circle, providing the leeway to full fledged gang war. The economic benefits can be pegged up to a staggering $18-19 Billion. Perhaps one of the most exhaustive reports of its kind The Le Deng Commission Report of 1972 has covered the entire gamut of... The facts are amazingly simple. The ounce of fine tea costs $2, the pipe tobacco costs in between $1.25 to 1.5 while the Marijuana costs something in between $5 including labor cost. The same Marijuana, via clandestine drug market, costs any thing in between $150 to $400 per ounce. No wander, this high margin attracts the elements in crime circle, providing the leeway to full fledged gang war. The economic benefits can be pegged up to a staggering $18-19 Billion. 2.The Le Dang Commission Report Perhaps one of the most exhaustive reports of its kind The Le Deng Commission Report of 1972 has covered the entire gamut of the problem. Tabled as "The Report of the Canadian Government Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs, 1972". Le Dang Report still happens to be the frame work of modern Canada Legal system. Retrieved on November,26, 2009, from : http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/ledain/ldctoc.html(3) Le Dang Report still happens to be the frame work of modern Canada Legal system. Exhaustive in nature, the report covers every related aspect which includes-patterns of social history in Canada and USA. The first use (in mid 30) ,World War II scenario where Marijuana effectively penetrates into middle class to University campus till 1971-72. The extensive chemical analysis and side effect analysis of Barbiturates have also taken place in lucid manner. The most significant part is the national and international law. Canadian law acts in tune to the international law - Single Convention of Narcotic Drugs, 1961. The Canadian Narcotic Law complies all specification of these laws and the Canadian laws have also been framed as per the same stringent norms.Through the annals of time, the situation has

Pan-indian Confederation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pan-indian Confederation - Essay Example military forces seems to be favouring the U.S sides anyways. When Tecumseh set out to convince other tribes to join him, the challenge before him was not just creating an army, but arousing among the tribal people the sense of unity that might have led them to victory. Before convincing the tribes to fight for the sake of their identity and existence, he had to settle the inter-tribal conflicts and ideological differences among his own people and bind them together with a strong unifying force. Tecumseh’s efforts were showing results to quite an extent until Tenskwatava’s negligence towards his brother’s strategies led them nowhere. Amidst, all this while he was away in the south spreading a doctrine of political and military unification, his younger brother’s excitation ruined everything. Tecumseh’s army was thrashed by Harrison’s men. The British who supported the tribes had their own vested interests of acquiring colonial wealth, they joined in more for their own motives and less in support of the Indians.They fled as soon as the U.S. Army came into action. During the American Revolution U.S. had developed such a standard of political and military strengths that it was naive of Tecumseh’s one-man army challenging them without planning an effective winning strategy. This is another reason why the U.S. army found no difficulties in suppressing the upheaval. unity, arms, forces and above all the lack of spirit among the people itself can be accused of defeat. Tecumseh’s speeches motivated the people, his oration influenced people from vast stretches in Canada to Mexico but ultimately it was the call from within among the tribes that might have made a difference and lacking this spirit the ball was never in Tecumseh’s

Organisational structure Essay Example for Free

Organisational structure Essay Various Structures Practical Illustration organizational structure: It refers to a formal system of tasks and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates employees to work together to achieve the organizational goals. Formal system of task and reporting relationships showing how workers use resources. It Involves the following structures: 1) Functional Structure It refers to the organizational structure composed of all the departments that an organization requires to produce Its goods or services. tOf3 2) Dlvlslonal structures It refers to the organizational structure composed of a series of business units to produce a specific kind of product for a specific kind of customer. It is used by most large corporations. It involves 3 main types: a) Product Structure, where divisions are created according to the type of product and service. b) Geographic Structure, where divisions are based on the area of a country or world served. c) Market Structure, where divisions are based on the types of customers served. 3) Matrix Structure It refers to the organizational structure that groups people by function and product teams simultaneously. It results in complex relationships. The structure is very flexible. Each employee has two bosses (functional manager and product manager) 4) Product Team Structure It refers to the organizational structure where members are permanently assigned to a team empowered to bring a product to market. It involves no two-way (dual) reporting. It involves forming cross-functional teams composed of a group of managers from different departments working together to perform organizational tasks. Existing AFC Organizational Structure: It is very clear that Abu Qir Fertilizers Company extremely represents applying the unctional very steep highly centralized extensively rigid structure.

Intervention in the Rwandan Genocide Essay -- Rwanda History Essays Ge

The Hutus and Tutsis were not traditionally different, and ethnicity in Rwanda only became important during Belgium colonization when the more European-looking Tutsis were chosen as the aristocracy to rule over the Hutus. After Rwanda's independence in 1961 the Hutu majority, comprising roughly 85% of the population, ruled the country. Between 1961 and the outbreak of genocide in 1994 many Tutsis fled the regime due to its discriminatory practices and anti-Tutsi policies. Even after gaining control of the country, however, Hutus had been scared of a Tutsi coup or an invasion from the Tutsi refugees in neighboring Uganda. The regime of president Habyarimana played on these fears in order to distract Rwandans from failing policies and keep their declining party in power. It was the assassination of the president that precipitated the implementation of ethnic cleansing, although not the cause; plans for such an event had been planned out by Colonel Bogasata the previous year, the assass ination of the country's Hutu leader just happened to be a convenient event for his clique of extremist Hutus to exploit. In October of 1993 the UN Security Council authorized the UN Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR) following a period of strife between the Rwandan Patriotic Front and the Hutu regime of Rwanda. When the government ordered assassinations were carried out in Kigali on April 6, 1994 there were about 2,500 UNIMAR peacekeepers in Rwanda. Soon after the violent outbreak Hutu government forces executed ten Belgian UNIMAR peacekeepers. On April 14 Belgium announced that it would be withdrawing its UNIMAR battalion, an action that unnerved other involved states and led the U.N. Security Council to cut the number of troops to a mere 270 the following week. Only after a month of vacillation did the UNSC vote to send 5,500 troops back into Rwanda, but it still dragged its feet and as of July only 10% of the promised force had been deployed (Economist, 1994). The RPF, meanwhile, had launched into Rwanda and by mid-July, it had ousted the genocidal regime from Rwanda. Preceding the Rwandan genocide, numerous western states made claims of their willingness to intervene in a humanitarian crisis, and this kind of rhetoric has proved counterproductive in the past by encouraging insecure regimes to act hastily. Alan Kuperman said ?If the West is unwilling to deploy such robust for... ...city in the genocide. This has further damaged relations between the ethnic groups, and has deepened the preexisting cleavages. The presence of a peacekeeping force to maintain order and accountability of the new regime could have hampered such atrocities. The Rwandan situation highlights the limits of intervention, and unfortunately as long as the duty of intervening lies in the hands of slow-responding multinational bodies and democracies too scared of a plummeting public opinion to risk troops for less central or non-state interests, it appears that humanitarian crises run the risk of progressing unacceptably far before the situation can be brought back under control. Works Cited The Economist. Learning from Rwanda (U.N. Peacekeeping Operations). April, 1994. Alison Des Forges, Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda (New York: Human Rights Watch/FIDH, 1999). Kuperman, Alan J. Rwanda in Retrospect. Foreign Affairs 79, no. 1 pp. 94-118 Jan/Feb, 2000. Report of the Independent Inquiry Into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda, 15 December 1999, accessed December 17, 1999 at http://www.un.org/News/dh/latest/rwanda.htm.

One Step to Freedom?

â€Å"100% of the shots you never take, never get in†. In the middle of the arid desert, Colorado. A group of Cypriots and myself among them, crossed through the desert to reach the camping site where we would spend the night. Continuously attacking us, the blazing sun followed our every footstep, as our bodies were melting down like defenceless ice cubes. After a couple of hundreds of metres of walk, my feet started to numb. I was exhausted. My bottle, constantly in my hand, was running out of water. â€Å"Can my day get worse?†, I wondered. What I didn't know was, that these obstacles were nothing compared to the inner conflict I would be going through soon. â€Å"Does anyone want to have a break? Does anyone want to have a swim?†, Michael, our leader asked. Suddenly the feelings of joy and excitement replaced the tiredness and everyone was now smiling; I noticed I was smiling too. Impatiently we all followed Michael. That is when I first came face to face with my own Via Dolorosa. The worst of all is that I was not aware of how difficult it would be for me, that small step I was asked to take, for which I had to grapple hard with my own thoughts and deepest fears which I was not even aware of. How can you fight something you cannot see? Following the flow of my friends and climbing on a small hill, I reached the beginning of my slow and painful torture. I was standing at the edge of a rocky knoll, about three metres above the ground and beneath me, a tiny lake with crystal clear water. I could already picture myself, in the lake, with the cool water fighting off the heat, while my body was enjoying the luxuries of nature. As I lowered my head to face my reflection on the calm surface of the lake, the truth hit me in the face. I will never forget how shocked I was when I realised I was not ready; I couldn't jump; I didn't want to. â€Å"Nicola, are you going to jump or not?†, Shane asked me. The question brought me to my senses like . . . . . . . â€Å"No. Go on. I will go later.†, I replied. While watching them jumping with such comfort, as if it was fun, as if they were enjoying themselves, I felt angry with myself. Why had I stopped? It couldn't be that difficult, after all nobody else seemed to find it challenging, on the contrary they all thought of it as amusing. If they could do it, so could I. All of a sudden I changed my mind. I felt this urge, this push, the desire to jump as well. â€Å"I can do this†, I told myself. Once again I found myself standing at the edge of the hill determined to jump and once again I changed my mind, as my fears came to life; my body froze instantly. It was as if my legs were glued into place, I couldn't move. Out of the blue, the battle started; the battle over which I had no control, the battle which was going on in my head and whose winner would determine my decision. On one side my limiting beliefs and fears joined forces, to stop me from jumping while on the other side my desire to jump was defensively trying to repulse the attack. The damage to the defence lines was unavoidable and since my fears took control over my body, I stepped back instead of going forward. Time was going by so quickly, as I tended to oscillate between the determination of jumping and the fear of falling. Over twenty minutes had passed since my last attempt and I was not looking forward to another one. â€Å"Nicola we will be leaving soon, if you are going to jump, do it now, or else come down so that we can continue.† No! , a voice inside my head screamed. I am not giving up. I am not leaving unless I jump. As these wild thoughts were passing through my head, the sun sank lower. Trying to convince myself that I could do it, I once more stepped at the doorstep of fear. â€Å"You have thirty seconds to jump.† I took a deep breath. â€Å"Come on Nicolas!†, a friend of mine shouted. â€Å"It's only one step!† â€Å"Twenty-nine, twenty-eight . . .† Puzzled as I were, I looked around as if searching for an answer. Suddenly I realised that everyone was staring at me. Was it really only one step? Then what? Freedom? â€Å"Sixteen, fifteen . . .† The countdown continued. â€Å"Hey Nicola, listen to me! Stop thinking so hard. Just jump! It's only one step.† It was of no use. I didn't hear a thing. â€Å"Nine, eight, seven . . .† I looked down at the lake. How could falling equate to freedom? There were fluctuations in my feelings. I couldn't decide. I couldn't even take a small step. â€Å"Three, two, one. Come on Nicolas we are leaving! Come down!† I took a glance at the azure sky as if it was my last one. I took a last deep breath. â€Å"I am coming†, the words burst like bullets out of my mouth. I closed my eyes. I could hear the blood booming in my ears. The cold breeze made me shiver. I found myself trembling like an undersized flower in a furious storm of hesitant feelings and fears. I slowly bent my knees and jumped. Time stopped. My life was passing through my mind like an old black and white movie. I panicked. I didn't want to fall. I regretted jumping. I waved my hands desperately, trying to hold onto something. A rock, a stone anything. Nothing; there was nothing. I wanted to throw up. It was as if air was pushing my stomach up in my chest and out of my mouth. Even today, when I recall the situation and when I picture the whole scene in my mind, the same feelings come up; fear, anxiety, fluctuation, regret. The same feelings which filled me up then, which still do, as if I am there. As if I never left. As if I never jumped. As if it was all for nothing. Although I am not free from my fears, I know it was not for nothing. I took the risk, I took the shot and I ‘m proud of myself. The cheers and the congratulations I received as I came out of the lake, almost made up for the torture I went through. I was still feeling a bit dizzy from the fall so I sat to rest. That is when Michael came and told me: â€Å"100% of the shots you never take, never get in†. Now this quote is one of my favourites. It was actually a quote of Michael Jordan's referring to basketball. When I first heard it, I didn't really understand what it meant, but after thinking about it, I became aware of its true meaning. It means that if someone does not dare to shoot the ball, because it may not go in the basket, he will never score. â€Å"It's risky not taking risks† a wise man said. In the middle of the arid desert, Colorado, I took the risk. I jumped. I may have not been freed from my fears but I learned my lesson. This experience shaped me into who I am today. A man who is not afraid of taking risks, and making steps beyond the limits of fears and limiting beliefs.